( 第二届 Google 暑期大学生博客分享大赛 - 2011 Android 成长篇 )
做过web开发的人应该都知道,在HTML里支持<a>标签在文本里插入一个链接,点击后跳转;并且有<img>标签可以插入图片。Android开发是否也支持呢?带着这个疑问,我们去APIDemos探索一下。OK,在com.example.android.apis.text.link这个类里,官方演示了TextView支持的一些链接,上个图:
看来TextView是支持链接跳转的,不过做Android开发的应该都知道,android的View载体是Activity,能不能支持activity跳转呢,很遗憾,不支持。
不过无所谓,Android很有爱,开源的,理解了原理后我们自己去做,这也是我写本篇文章的主要目的,"授之以鱼,不如授之以渔",希望大家在遇到相似问题时能像我这样去分析源码,然后找出解决办法(或者大家可以提出更好的方法),另外,文中如有不妥的地方,也欢迎大家批评指正。先上效果图:点击左边的链接后跳转到右边。
现在我们开始开发吧!第一步,研究相关的源代码吧。通过跟踪TextView的源码,我们发现TextView支持的链接是由 android.text.style.URLSpan 这个类实现的,它重写了一个onClick方法:
public void onClick(View widget) { Uri uri = Uri.parse(getURL()); Context context = widget.getContext(); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); intent.putExtra(Browser.EXTRA_APPLICATION_ID, context.getPackageName()); context.startActivity(intent); }
大家看到了吧startActivity,多么熟悉的方法。既然它能实现,为什么我们不能呢,答案是可以的。我们接着跟踪代码,可以看到URLSpan其实继承的是android.text.style.ClickableSpan,我们来看一下他的源码:
public abstract class ClickableSpan extends CharacterStyle implements UpdateAppearance { /** * Performs the click action associated with this span. */ public abstract void onClick(View widget); /** * Makes the text underlined and in the link color. */ @Override public void updateDrawState(TextPaint ds) { ds.setColor(ds.linkColor); ds.setUnderlineText(true); } }
是不是有点眉目了,我们直接继承这个类,重写他的方法不就可以了吗?大胆假设,小心求证,我们新建一个类:
import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.text.TextPaint; import android.text.style.ClickableSpan; import android.view.View; /** * If an object of this type is attached to the text of a TextView with a * movement method of LinkMovementMethod, the affected spans of text can be * selected. If clicked, the {@link #onClick} method will be called. * * @author 张宁 */ public class MyClickableSpan extends ClickableSpan { int color = -1; private Context context; private Intent intent; public MyClickableSpan(Context context, Intent intent) { this(-1, context, intent); } /** * constructor * @param color the link color * @param context * @param intent */ public MyClickableSpan(int color, Context context, Intent intent) { if (color!=-1) { this.color = color; } this.context = context; this.intent = intent; } /** * Performs the click action associated with this span. */ public void onClick(View widget){ context.startActivity(intent); }; /** * Makes the text without underline. */ @Override public void updateDrawState(TextPaint ds) { if (color == -1) { ds.setColor(ds.linkColor); } else { ds.setColor(color); } ds.setUnderlineText(false); } }
在这个类里,我们重写了onClick事件,实现了Activity的跳转,并且去掉了下划线。Ok,第一个目的就达到了,下面我们来看一下如何在TextView里加入表情。
这个就比较复杂了,因为TextView只能在其上下左右方向加入图片,是由Drawables这个类实现的,而我们想要的效果是在中间也可以插入,看来这次TextView插入图片源码帮不了我们了。不过我们可以去android.text这个包里去找别的类,大家可以看到在这个包里有一个Html类,做过web开发的应该可以想到什么吧?在文章开头已经提到了Html的<img>标签可以插入图片,那这个类是否提供这个功能呢?带着这个疑问我们可以进去看看,其中有个接口:
/** * Retrieves images for HTML <img> tags. */ public static interface ImageGetter { /** * This methos is called when the HTML parser encounters an * <img> tag. The <code>source</code> argument is the * string from the "src" attribute; the return value should be * a Drawable representation of the image or <code>null</code> * for a generic replacement image. Make sure you call * setBounds() on your Drawable if it doesn't already have * its bounds set. */ public Drawable getDrawable(String source); }
看到 <code>source</code>这个没,熟悉吧,结合URLSpan的用法,我们是否可以配合Spanned实现一个
ImageSpan呢?OK,上代码:
import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.text.Html; import android.text.Spanned; import android.text.Html.ImageGetter; /** * this is a class which defining a spanned with image * @author 张宁 * */ public class ImageSpan { /** * the map of face. */ private Map<String, String> faceMap; private Context context; public ImageSpan(Context context, Map<String, String> faceMap){ this.context = context; this.faceMap = faceMap; } /** * get the image by the given key */ private ImageGetter imageGetter = new Html.ImageGetter() { @Override public Drawable getDrawable(String source) { Drawable drawable = null; String sourceName = context.getPackageName() + ":drawable/" + source; int id = context.getResources().getIdentifier(sourceName, null, null); if (id != 0) { drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(id); if (drawable != null) { drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight()); } } return drawable; } }; /** * return a {@link Spanned} with image * @param text * @return */ public Spanned getImageSpan(CharSequence text){ String cs = text.toString(); if (faceMap != null) { Set<String> keys = faceMap.keySet(); for (String key : keys) { if (cs.contains(key)) { cs = cs.replace(key, "<img src='" + faceMap.get(key) + "'>"); } } } return Html.fromHtml(cs, imageGetter, null); } }
到目前为止可以说关键代码都已经实现了,但是会有人问,我该如何使用这两个类呢?下面,我们在实现一个工具类来封装这两个类的方法,以方便调用:
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder; import android.text.Spanned; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.text.method.LinkMovementMethod; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.TextView; /** * TextView with intent that can redirect to a new activity * * @author 张宁 * */ public class CustomTextView { private static Map<String, String> faceMap; static { faceMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); faceMap.put("[哭]", "face_1"); faceMap.put("[怒]", "face_2"); } /** * make textview a clickable textview<br> * Note: make true the order of textList and intentList are mapped * * @param context * @param textView * @param textList * the text should be set to this textview,not null * @param intentList * the intent map to the text, if the text have no intent mapped * to, please set a null value.Or it will happen some unknown * error.<br> * not null */ public static void setClickableTextView(Context context, TextView textView, List<String> textList, List<Intent> intentList) { if (textList == null || intentList == null) { return; } SpannableStringBuilder builder = new SpannableStringBuilder(); int end = -1, length = -1; int size = textList.size(); Intent intent; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { String text = textList.get(i); if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) { continue; } builder.append(textList.get(i)); if ((intent = intentList.get(i)) != null) { end = builder.length(); length = textList.get(i).length(); builder.setSpan(getClickableSpan(context, intent), end - length, end, Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); } builder.append(" "); } textView.setText(builder); textView.setFocusable(true); textView.setMovementMethod(LinkMovementMethod.getInstance()); } /** * make textview a clickable textview<br> * Note: make true the order of textList and intentList are mapped * @param context * @param textView * @param text * @param intent */ public static void setClickableTextView(Context context, TextView textView, String text, Intent intent) { SpannableStringBuilder builder = new SpannableStringBuilder(text); builder.setSpan(getClickableSpan(context, intent), 0, text.length(), Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); textView.setText(builder); textView.setMovementMethod(LinkMovementMethod.getInstance()); } /** * make TextView a View with image at any index * @param context * @param textView * @param textList */ public static void setImgTextView(Context context, TextView textView, List<String> textList) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < textList.size(); i++) { builder.append(textList.get(i)).append(" "); } setImgTextView(context, textView, builder.toString()); } /** * make TextView a View with image at any index * @param context * @param textView * @param text */ public static void setImgTextView(Context context, TextView textView, String text) { ImageSpan imageSpan = new ImageSpan(context, faceMap); Spanned spanned = imageSpan.getImageSpan(text); textView.setText(spanned); } /** * make EditText a View with image at any index * @param context * @param EditText * @param text */ public static void setImgTextView(Context context, EditText editText, String text) { ImageSpan imageSpan = new ImageSpan(context, faceMap); Spanned spanned = imageSpan.getImageSpan(text); editText.setText(spanned); } /** * return a custom ClickableSpan * * @param context * @param intent * @return */ public static MyClickableSpan getClickableSpan(Context context, Intent intent) { return new MyClickableSpan(context, intent); } /** * make textview a clickable textview with image<br> * Note: make true the order of textList and intentList are mapped * * @param context * not null * @param haveImg * whether this is image in the text,not null * @param textView * not null * @param textList * the text should be set to this textview,not null * @param intentList * the intent map to the text, if the text have no intent mapped * to, please set a null value.Or it will happen some unknown * error.<br> * allow null */ public static void setCustomText(Context context, Boolean haveImg, TextView textView, List<String> textList, List<Intent> intentList) { SpannableStringBuilder builder = new SpannableStringBuilder(); int end = -1, length = -1; if (intentList != null) { int size = textList.size(); Intent intent; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { String text = textList.get(i); if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) { continue; } builder.append(textList.get(i)); if ((intent = intentList.get(i)) != null) { end = builder.length(); length = textList.get(i).length(); builder.setSpan(getClickableSpan(context, intent), end - length, end, Spanned.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE); } builder.append(" "); } } else { for (String text : textList) { builder.append(text).append(" "); } } if (haveImg) { ImageSpan imageSpan = new ImageSpan(context, faceMap); Spanned spanned = imageSpan.getImageSpan(builder); textView.setText(spanned); } else { textView.setText(builder); } textView.setMovementMethod(LinkMovementMethod.getInstance()); } }
有了这个类,我们就可以方便的实现在TextView中插入Intent和表情了,甚至不用管底层是怎样实现的,也降低了代码的耦合度。但是又回到我写这篇文章的目的:希望大家能得到“渔”而不仅仅是“鱼”。
Ok,任务完成。源码奉上。
注:原创作品,转载请标明出处:
http://zhangning290.iteye.com/blog/1134286