打算升级pycurl库，输入：pip install --upgrade pycurl，提示如下：
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ac/b3/0f3979633b7890bab6098d84c84467030b807a1e2b31f5d30103af5a71ca/pycurl-7.43.0.3.tar.gz (215kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 215kB 1.4MB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: pycurl
Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-1olx_50x --python-tag cp37
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/
Complete output (22 lines):
Using curl-config (libcurl 7.65.3)
/tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py:376: DeprecationWarning: dist() and linux_distribution() functions are deprecated in Python 3.5
dist_name, dist_version, _ = platform.dist()
Warning: libcurl is configured to use SSL, but we have not been able to determine which SSL backend it is using. If your Curl is built against OpenSSL, LibreSSL, BoringSSL, GnuTLS, NSS or mbedTLS please specify the SSL backend manually. For other SSL backends please ignore this message.Not using an SSL library
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/curl
copying python/curl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/curl
running build_ext
building 'pycurl' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPYCURL_VERSION="7.43.0.3" -DHAVE_CURL_SSL=1 -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c src/docstrings.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/docstrings.o
In file included from src/docstrings.c:4:
src/pycurl.h:4:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
4 | #include
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycurl
Running setup.py clean for pycurl
Failed to build pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Found existing installation: pycurl 7.43.0.2
ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'pycurl'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
由错误提示，很明显，没有#include
安装一下python3-devel把。
输入：dnf install python3-devel，提示如下：
Last metadata expiration check: 0:56:56 ago on Sat 27 Jul 2019 06:12:55 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
python3-devel x86_64 3.7.3-3.fc30 updates 211 k
Installing dependencies:
python3-rpm-generators noarch 8-1.fc30 updates 23 k
python-rpm-macros noarch 3-42.fc30 fedora 11 k
python-srpm-macros noarch 3-42.fc30 fedora 11 k
python3-rpm-macros noarch 3-42.fc30 fedora 10 kTransaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================
Install 5 PackagesTotal download size: 267 k
Installed size: 816 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch.rpm 8.3 kB/s | 23 kB 00:02
(2/5): python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm 4.1 kB/s | 11 kB 00:02
(3/5): python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm 61 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(4/5): python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm 51 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
(5/5): python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64.rpm 68 kB/s | 211 kB 00:03
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 31 kB/s | 267 kB 00:08
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 1/5
Installing : python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 2/5
Installing : python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 3/5
Installing : python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch 4/5
Installing : python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64 5/5
Running scriptlet: python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch 2/5
Verifying : python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 3/5
Verifying : python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 4/5
Verifying : python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch 5/5Installed:
python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64 python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch
python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarchComplete!
安装很顺利，成功~
接着输入：pip install --upgrade pycurl，升级pycurl，提示如下错误：
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ac/b3/0f3979633b7890bab6098d84c84467030b807a1e2b31f5d30103af5a71ca/pycurl-7.43.0.3.tar.gz (215kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 215kB 976kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: pycurl
Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for pycurl: filename=pycurl-7.43.0.3-cp37-cp37m-linux_x86_64.whl size=295012 sha256=1910917c1325d6c4abf6e36f2bfa6f64e1869df0c13fc96c33e7d7ae4ceb13ac
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/79/4f/eb/a62d903e72f06bdccb8c945a31a12f3e481e84ea0b4b198104
Successfully built pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Found existing installation: pycurl 7.43.0.2
ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'pycurl'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
OK，那就加上--ignore-installed选项吧。输入：pip install --upgrade --ignore-installed pycurl
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Successfully installed pycurl-7.43.0.3
至此，升级完全成功，大功告成~~~~
