Spring事务配置的五种方式

段时间对Spring事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于Spring事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1. <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
2. < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd " >
11. < bean id = "sessionFactory"
12. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
13. < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </ bean >
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. < bean id = "transactionManager"
18. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
19. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
20. </ bean >
21. <!--配置DAO-->
22. < bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
23. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
24. </ bean >
25. < bean id = "userDao"
26. class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
27. <!--配置事务管理器-->
28. < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" />
29. < property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" />
30. < property name = "proxyInterfaces" value = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
31. <!--配置事务属性-->
32. < property name = "transactionAttributes" >
33. < props >
34. < prop key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
35. </ props >
36. </ property >
37. </ bean >
38. </ beans >

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个父类bean

1. <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
2. < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd " >
11. < bean id = "sessionFactory"
12. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
13. < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </ bean >
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. < bean id = "transactionManager"
18. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
19. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
20. </ bean >
21. < bean id = "transactionBase"
22. class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
23. lazy-init = "true" abstract = "true" >
24. <!--配置事务管理器-->
25. < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" />
26. <!--配置事务属性-->
27. < property name = "transactionAttributes" >
28. < props >
29. < prop key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
30. </ props >
31. </ property >
32. </ bean >
33. <!--配置DAO-->
34. < bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
35. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
36. </ bean >
37. < bean id = "userDao" parent = "transactionBase" >
38. < property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" />
39. </ bean >
40. </ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

1. <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
2. < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd " >
11. < bean id = "sessionFactory"
12. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
13. < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
14. < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
15. </ bean >
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. < bean id = "transactionManager"
18. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
19. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
20. </ bean >
22. < bean id = "transactionInterceptor"
23. class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
24. < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" />
25. <!--配置事务属性-->
26. < property name = "transactionAttributes" >
27. < props >
28. < prop key = "*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
29. </ props >
30. </ property >
31. </ bean >
32. < bean class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
33. < property name = "beanNames" >
34. < list >
35. < value > *Dao </ value >
36. </ list >
37. </ property >
38. < property name = "interceptorNames" >
39. < list >
40. < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
41. </ list >
42. </ property >
43. </ bean >
44. <!--配置DAO-->
45. < bean id = "userDao" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
46. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
47. </ bean >
48. </ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

1. <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
2. < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd " >
13.  
14. < context:annotation-config />
15. < context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" />
16. < bean id = "sessionFactory"
17. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
18. < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
19. < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
20. </ bean >
21. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
22. < bean id = "transactionManager"
23. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
24. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
25. </ bean >
26. < tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >
27. < tx:attributes >
28. < tx:method name = "*" propagation = "REQUIRED" />
29. </ tx:attributes >
30. </ tx:advice >
31. < aop:config >
32. < aop:pointcut id = "interceptorPointCuts"
33. expression = "execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
34. < aop:advisor advice-ref = "txAdvice"
35. pointcut-ref = "interceptorPointCuts" />
36. </ aop:config >
37. </ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

1. <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
2. < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd " >
13.  
14. < context:annotation-config />
15. < context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" />
16. < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" />
17. < bean id = "sessionFactory"
18. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
19. < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
20. < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
21. </ bean >
22. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
23. < bean id = "transactionManager"
24. class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
25. < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
26. </ bean >
27. </ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

1. packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;
2. importjava.util.List;
3. importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
4. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
5. importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
6. importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;
7. importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
8. @Transactional
9. @Component("userDao")
10. publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao{
11. publicList < User > listUsers(){
12. returnthis.getSession().createQuery("fromUser").list();
13. }
14. }